ifconfig
➜ ~ ifconfig
enx2c16dba37d18: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.117.154 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.117.255
inet6 2001:250:c00:218:5bd6:795c:5b92:e787 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
inet6 fe80::2224:6ee:2527:f54d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
inet6 2001:250:c00:218:44fc:ad73:aeb8:b07d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
ether 2c:16:db:a3:7d:18 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 110382 bytes 150904005 (150.9 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 30811 bytes 3569027 (3.5 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 26251 bytes 4892192 (4.8 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 26251 bytes 4892192 (4.8 MB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
wlp2s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.7.243 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.7.255
inet6 fe80::1dea:1bcb:ae17:fa3b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether d0:c6:37:dd:91:95 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 17759 bytes 19498138 (19.4 MB)
RX errors 0 dropped 7 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 6341 bytes 911629 (911.6 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ping
Linux 服务器无法上网
- ping localhost
侦测网卡安装或配置有问题 - ping 网关
ip route show查看网关
侦测局域网中的网关或路由器是否正常 - ping dns server
在/etc/resolv.conf查看 dns 配置
dns 解析是否可以解析 - ping 远程地址
与外部的连接是否正常
mtr
网络侦测工具
My traceroute [v0.93]
an-xiaomi-book-pro (10.0.117.154) 2020-11-10T10:08:42+0800
Keys: Help Display mode Restart statistics Order of fields quit
Packets Pings
Host Loss% Snt Last Avg Best Wrst StDev
1. _gateway 0.0% 156 1.2 1.8 0.8 16.4 2.6
2. 10.125.255.2 0.0% 156 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.1
3. 172.16.1.254 96.8% 156 2.5 5.7 1.7 18.3 7.1
4. 129.210.99.202.internet. 0.0% 156 2.1 3.4 1.7 12.4 2.2
5. 57.53.26.218.internet.sx 0.0% 156 2.7 4.1 2.1 12.9 1.9
6. 165.151.26.218.internet. 0.0% 156 25.9 25.6 24.0 32.0 0.9
7. 219.158.101.109 0.0% 155 17.2 14.0 10.1 18.5 2.3
8. 219.158.5.158 0.0% 155 17.7 15.5 10.9 33.9 3.2
9. 219.158.16.70 0.0% 155 13.1 15.7 11.7 20.8 2.4
10. 219.158.32.30 18.7% 155 121.5 165.3 108.3 226.9 34.2
11. ae-1.r31.tokyjp05.jp.bb. 0.0% 155 56.5 109.5 55.6 173.8 34.5
12. ae-3.r01.tokyjp08.jp.bb. 18.1% 155 109.4 161.9 108.5 222.7 35.2
13. ae-3.fastly.tokyjp08.jp. 20.6% 155 106.5 161.5 105.9 219.5 33.7
14. 185.199.109.153 0.6% 155 159.2 210.4 157.4 271.3 33.6
- Loss 丢包率
- Snt 发送的次数
- Last 最近一次的返回时延
- Avg 平均值
- Best 最短的一次时间
- Wrst 最长的一次时间
- StDev 标准偏差
traceroute / tracepath
➜ ~ traceroute aimerneige.com
traceroute to aimerneige.com (185.199.109.153), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 10.0.117.1 (10.0.117.1) 11.848 ms 11.768 ms 11.719 ms
2 10.125.255.2 (10.125.255.2) 0.605 ms 0.578 ms 0.544 ms
3 * * *
4 129.210.99.202.internet.sx.cn (202.99.210.129) 2.015 ms 1.965 ms 1.920 ms
5 233.124.26.218.internet.sx.cn (218.26.124.233) 1.874 ms 2.345 ms 237.124.26.218.internet.sx.cn (218.26.124.237) 2.304 ms
6 245.131.26.218.router-switch.sx.cn (218.26.131.245) 2.902 ms 209.151.26.218.internet.sx.cn (218.26.151.209) 40.287 ms 245.131.26.218.router-switch.sx.cn (218.26.131.245) 2.713 ms
7 219.158.105.93 (219.158.105.93) 10.882 ms 219.158.102.249 (219.158.102.249) 9.079 ms 219.158.101.109 (219.158.101.109) 13.673 ms
8 219.158.5.158 (219.158.5.158) 11.302 ms 11.258 ms 219.158.4.174 (219.158.4.174) 20.035 ms
9 219.158.16.70 (219.158.16.70) 11.866 ms 19.391 ms 19.316 ms
10 219.158.32.30 (219.158.32.30) 216.576 ms 220.853 ms 215.579 ms
11 ae-0.r30.tokyjp05.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.2.11) 162.897 ms 162.880 ms ae-1.r31.tokyjp05.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.2.153) 163.532 ms
12 ae-3.r01.tokyjp08.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.6.133) 215.634 ms ae-3.r00.tokyjp08.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.6.129) 213.725 ms ae-2.r00.tokyjp08.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net (129.250.6.127) 169.350 ms
13 * * *
14 * * *
15 * * *
16 * * *
17 * * *
18 * * *
19 * * *
20 * * *
21 * * *
22 * * *
23 * * *
24 * * *
25 * * *
26 * * *
27 * * *
28 * * *
29 * * *
30 * * *
➜ ~ tracepath aimerneige.com
1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500
1: _gateway 1.048ms
1: _gateway 1.195ms
2: 10.125.255.2 0.588ms
3: 172.16.1.254 5.206ms
4: 129.210.99.202.internet.sx.cn 2.954ms
5: 145.53.26.218.internet.sx.cn 2.496ms
6: 245.131.26.218.router-switch.sx.cn 4.198ms
7: 219.158.11.113 13.225ms
8: 219.158.5.158 19.169ms
9: 219.158.16.70 11.860ms
10: 219.158.32.30 226.589ms
11: ae-1.r31.tokyjp05.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net 165.652ms
12: ae-3.r00.tokyjp08.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net 200.616ms
13: no reply
14: no reply
15: no reply
16: no reply
17: no reply
18: no reply
19: no reply
20: no reply
21: no reply
22: no reply
23: no reply
24: no reply
25: no reply
26: no reply
27: no reply
28: no reply
29: no reply
30: no reply
Too many hops: pmtu 1500
Resume: pmtu 1500
ip
查看网卡信息 ip addr show
➜ ~ ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: wlp2s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether d0:c6:37:dd:91:95 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.7.243/24 brd 192.168.7.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute wlp2s0
valid_lft 169205sec preferred_lft 169205sec
inet6 fe80::1dea:1bcb:ae17:fa3b/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: enx2c16dba37d18: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 2c:16:db:a3:7d:18 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.117.154/24 brd 10.0.117.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute enx2c16dba37d18
valid_lft 3601sec preferred_lft 3601sec
inet6 2001:250:c00:218:44fc:ad73:aeb8:b07d/64 scope global temporary dynamic
valid_lft 601397sec preferred_lft 82623sec
inet6 2001:250:c00:218:5bd6:795c:5b92:e787/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr noprefixroute
valid_lft 2591976sec preferred_lft 604776sec
inet6 fe80::2224:6ee:2527:f54d/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
启用/禁用网卡 sudo ip link set enp0s3 up / dowm
为网卡分配地址
sudo ip addr add 192.168.0.50/255.255.255.0 dev enp0s3
sudo ip addr del 192.168.0.10/24 dev enp0s3
ip route
查看路由
ip route
➜ ~ ip route
default via 10.0.117.1 dev enx2c16dba37d18 proto dhcp metric 100
default via 192.168.7.1 dev wlp2s0 proto dhcp metric 600
10.0.117.0/24 dev enx2c16dba37d18 proto kernel scope link src 10.0.117.154 metric 100
169.254.0.0/16 dev enx2c16dba37d18 scope link metric 1000
192.168.7.0/24 dev wlp2s0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.7.243 metric 600
添加静态路由
sudo ip route add 172.16.32.32 via 192.168.0.150/24 dev enp0s3
删除路由
sudo ip route del 192.168.0.150/24
arp
查看 arp 记录
ip neigh
➜ ~ ip neigh
192.168.7.2 dev wlp2s0 lladdr e8:39:35:1f:13:b1 STALE
192.168.7.1 dev wlp2s0 lladdr 28:d1:27:85:38:d7 REACHABLE
10.0.117.177 dev enx2c16dba37d18 lladdr e8:39:35:1f:14:fc STALE
192.168.7.38 dev wlp2s0 lladdr 2c:ff:ee:66:e2:01 STALE
10.0.117.1 dev enx2c16dba37d18 lladdr 58:69:6c:07:71:4b REACHABLE
192.168.7.160 dev wlp2s0 lladdr 3e:22:9c:ef:b8:d2 STALE
fe80::5a69:6cff:fe07:714b dev enx2c16dba37d18 lladdr 58:69:6c:07:71:4b router STALE
- PERM 永久有效并且只能被管理员删除
- NOARP 记录有效，过期后可被删除
- STALE 记录有效，但可能已经过期
- REACHABLE 记录有效，但超时后就失效了
增加 arp 记录
sudo ip neigh add 192.168.0.150 lladdr 33:1g:75:37:r3:84 dev enp0s3 nud perm
删除 arp
sudo ip neigh del 192.168.0.106 dev enp0s3
curl / wget
curl aimerneige.com
wget aimerneige.com
netstat
网络连接状态以及其相关信息的程序
告诉用户哪些网络连接正在运作
- 列出所有端口
netstat -a - 列出所有 tcp 端口
netstat -at - 列出所有 udp 端口
netstat -au - 显示进程 id 和名称
netstat -p - 显示路由信息
netstat -r - 显示所有监听的端口
netstat -tnl